What is spermicide and how does it work?
There are lots of different contraceptives out there - from condoms to the coil - and they all suit different needs. Spermicide is perhaps one of the lesser-known options (although it’s also arguably one of the oldest methods of contraception).
Basically, spermicides work by stopping spermatozoa - that’s the technical word for sperm - from reaching the ovum, or egg. Spermicides create a barrier that makes it much more difficult for sperm cells to survive the already challenging race to the finish line - AKA the egg - post ejaculation.
Spermicide is used by people who ovulate internally to prevent pregnancy from occurring but, like most contraceptive options, it isn't an absolutely perfect solution. We turned to leading sex and intimate health experts to find out what you need to know about spermicide and what you need to consider if you want to try it as a method of contraception.
What is spermicide?
Spermicide is any formula which impairs the sperm from reaching the egg. The most commonly used chemical in most spermicides is Nonoxynol-9, although others are sometimes used. As Dr Mutenga, a former midwife, NHS GP and women's health advocate explains, a spermicide is “used to prevent sperm from moving and reaching the egg to fertilise it, usually by killing the sperm cells.”
Some spermicides work by blocking the cervix, making it harder for the sperm to pass through and reach the egg. It comes in a number of forms, including gels, creams, foams, films or suppositories.
Because of the chemical element, “some people may develop a reaction to spermicide gel gel, which may be difficult to manage considering the location of the product. Symptoms of this include allergic reaction, burning and pain,” explains Dr Rumi Kisyova.
How to use spermicide
Spermicide needs to be inserted into the vagina before sex. “Timing is important,” says Dr Kisyova. “For spermicide gel to be at its most effective it needs to be inserted into the vagina at least an hour before sexual intercourse.”
Dr Mutenga also points out that ‘if having repeated episodes of intercourse re-application of spermicide may be required.’ This obviously means that timing is important if you're relying solely on spermicide as a contraceptive method and that a certain level of vigilance is required!
Spermicide is inserted into the vagina in a number different ways, depending on what form it comes in. Suppositories, for example, are inserted into the vagina using your fingers or a little plastic applicator, the capsule then melts and releases the chemical.
Gels, creams and jellies usually come in tubes and can be inserted with a tampon-like applicator if you don't want to push anything inside with your fingers. But do always make sure your hands are clean, even if you're using an applicator. Following the instructions provided, fill the application with the gel/jelly/cream, then insert it deep into the vaginal canal before releasing the spermicide.
Foams can be inserted in a similar way, but they usually come in an aerosol which needs to be shaken before filling the applicators. And yes, you still use applicators for the foam, it isn't like spraying your junk with squirty cream in a can.
Some condoms also come pre-coated with spermicide. You use these in the exact same way as any other condoms, although keep an eye on them; they expire quicker than other condoms without spermicidal fluid.
How effective are spermicides?
Used alone, spermicides are one of the lesser effective contraceptives; only preventing pregnancy 70% of the time. “My recommendation would be to use this with another method of contraception not on its own except in very exceptional circumstances,” says Dr Mutenga, adding; “When used with diaphragms or caps it can result in 92-96% effectiveness in preventing pregnancy.”
“Spermicide is not as effective in preventing pregnancy as other methods so it is better to combine it with other contraceptive methods such as condoms, the coil or contraceptive pills,” agrees Dr Kisyova.
On top of that, Dr Kisyova reminds us that; “it’s important to remember that spermicides and other contraceptive gels don’t protect against sexually transmitted diseases so barrier methods are advised in addition to the gel.”
“Many condoms are already coated in spermicide so this helps you double down on sexual health and preventing pregnancy.” While less effective when used alone, spermicide can be an inexpensive and easy way to add an extra layer of protection to sex.
Spermicides can be bought over the counter without a prescription, although it may be useful to speak with your doctor or a family planning expert about whether spermicide is the right choice for you and your partner/s.
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